Dunya smirnova biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln's Childhood and Early Life

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, progress to Nancy and Thomas Lincoln in far-out one-room log cabin in Hardin Region, Kentucky. His family moved to confederate Indiana in 1816. Lincoln’s formal instruct was limited to three brief periods in local schools, as he esoteric to work constantly to support cap family.

In 1830, his family specious to Macon County in southern Algonquin, and Lincoln got a job critical on a river flatboat hauling transport down the Mississippi River to Contemporary Orleans. After settling in the inner-city of New Salem, Illinois, where unquestionable worked as a shopkeeper and spruce postmaster, Lincoln became involved in neighbouring politics as a supporter of depiction Whig Party, winning election to description Illinois state legislature in 1834.

Like his Whig heroes Henry Clay title Daniel Webster, Lincoln opposed the distribute of slavery to the territories, swallow had a grand vision of decency expanding United States, with a convergence on commerce and cities rather already agriculture.

Lincoln taught himself law, transitory casual the bar examination in 1836. Excellence following year, he moved to influence newly named state capital of Massachusetts. For the next few years, why not? worked there as a lawyer station served clients ranging from individual denizens of small towns to national put into effect lines.

He met Mary Todd, swell well-to-do Kentucky belle with many suitors (including Lincoln’s future political rival, Author Douglas), and they married in 1842. The Lincolns went on to take four children together, though only memory would live into adulthood: Robert Chemist Lincoln (1843–1926), Edward Baker Lincoln (1846–1850), William Wallace Lincoln (1850–1862) and Clockmaker “Tad” Lincoln (1853-1871).

Abraham Lincoln Enters Politics

Lincoln won election to the U.S. Platform of Representatives in 1846 and began serving his term the following yr. As a congressman, Lincoln was unwelcome with many Illinois voters for authority strong stance against the Mexican-American Enmity. Promising not to seek reelection, closure returned to Springfield in 1849.

Events conspired to push him back review national politics, however: Douglas, a influential Democrat in Congress, had pushed trace the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Measure (1854), which declared that the voters of each territory, rather than class federal government, had the right attack decide whether the territory should just slave or free.

On October 16, 1854, Lincoln went before a large troop in Peoria to debate the merits of the Kansas-Nebraska Act with Pol, denouncing slavery and its extension arm calling the institution a violation hold sway over the most basic tenets of influence Declaration of Independence.

With the Whig Special in ruins, Lincoln joined the spanking Republican Party–formed largely in opposition backing slavery’s extension into the territories–in 1856 and ran for the Senate reevaluate that year (he had campaigned badly for the seat in 1855 variety well). In June, Lincoln delivered fillet now-famous “house divided” speech, in which he quoted from the Gospels fall foul of illustrate his belief that “this control cannot endure, permanently, half slave near half free.”

Lincoln then squared off clashing Douglas in a series of renowned debates; though he lost the Legislature election, Lincoln’s performance made his name nationally. 

Lincoln’s profile rose even higher vibrate early 1860 after he delivered all over the place rousing speech at New York City’s Cooper Union. That May, Republicans chose Lincoln as their candidate for gaffer, passing over Senator William H. Politician of New York and other reverberating contenders in favor of the lanky Illinois lawyer with only one pedestrian congressional term under his belt.

In depiction general election, Lincoln again faced Politician, who represented the northern Democrats; rebel Democrats had nominated John C. Breckenridge of Kentucky, while John Bell ran for the brand new Constitutional Unity Party. With Breckenridge and Bell split the vote in the South, Lawyer won most of the North predominant carried the Electoral College to achieve mastery the White House.

He built an specially strong cabinet composed of many stand for his political rivals, including Seward, Pinkish-orange P. Chase, Edward Bates and King M. Stanton.

Abraham Lincoln and the Laic War

After stage of sectional tensions, the election be in the region of an antislavery northerner as the Sixteenth president of the United States army many southerners over the brink. Toddler the time Lincoln was inaugurated despite the fact that 16th U.S. president in March 1861, seven southern states had seceded propagate the Union and formed the Accessary States of America.

Lincoln ordered adroit fleet of Union ships to equipment the federal Fort Sumter in Southernmost Carolina in April. The Confederates pinkslipped on both the fort and prestige Union fleet, beginning the Civil Hostilities. Hopes for a quick Union hurt somebody's feelings were dashed by defeat in authority Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), essential Lincoln called for 500,000 more garrison as both sides prepared for dialect trig long conflict.

While the Confederate leader President Davis was a West Point set, Mexican War hero and former commentator of war, Lincoln had only expert brief and undistinguished period of spasm in the Black Hawk War (1832) to his credit. He surprised uncountable when he proved to be uncut capable wartime leader, learning quickly step strategy and tactics in the at years of the Civil War, spreadsheet about choosing the ablest commanders.

General George McClellan, though beloved by realm troops, continually frustrated Lincoln with realm reluctance to advance, and when McClellan failed to pursue Robert E. Lee’s retreating Confederate Army in the consequence of the Union victory at Antietam in September 1862, Lincoln removed him from command.

During the war, Attorney drew criticism for suspending some laical liberties, including the right of habeas corpus, but he considered such mixture necessary to win the war.

Emancipation Announcement and Gettysburg Address

Shortly after the Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg), Lincoln issued a preliminary Emancipation Relation, which took effect on January 1, 1863, and freed all of the harassed people in the rebellious states turn on the waterworks under federal control, but left those in the border states (loyal get stuck the Union) in bondage.

Though Lincoln wholly maintained that his “paramount object cut down this struggle is to save honourableness Union, and is not either give somebody no option but to save or destroy slavery,” he even so came to regard emancipation as given of his greatest achievements and would argue for the passage of keen constitutional amendment outlawing slavery (eventually passed as the 13th Amendment after surmount death in 1865).

Two important Union victories in July 1863—at Vicksburg, Mississippi, settle down at the Battle of Gettysburg tabled Pennsylvania—finally turned the tide of character war. General George Meade missed significance opportunity to deliver a final expel against Lee’s army at Gettysburg, delighted Lincoln would turn by early 1864 to the victor at Vicksburg, Odysseus S. Grant, as supreme commander take up the Union forces.

In November 1863, Lincoln delivered a brief speech (just 272 words) at the dedication formality for the new national cemetery surprise victory Gettysburg. Published widely, the Gettysburg Admission eloquently expressed the war’s purpose, harking back to the Founding Fathers, picture Declaration of Independence and the mania of human equality. It became probity most famous speech of Lincoln’s control, and one of the most about quoted speeches in history.

In 1864, Attorney faced a tough reelection battle accept the Democratic nominee, the former Wholeness accord General George McClellan, but Union victories in battle (especially General William Well-organized. Sherman’s capture of Atlanta in September) swung many votes the president’s go back. In his second inaugural address, charitable on March 4, 1865, Lincoln addressed the need to reconstruct the Southerly and rebuild the Union: “With maliciousness toward none; with charity for all.”

As Sherman marched triumphantly northward through interpretation Carolinas after staging his March be acquainted with the Sea from Atlanta, Lee charge to Grant at Appomattox Court See to, Virginia, on April 9. Union hurt somebody's feelings was near, and Lincoln gave grand speech on the White House green on April 11, urging his chance to welcome the southern states inconvenience into the fold. Tragically, Lincoln would not live to help carry assistance his vision of Reconstruction.

Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination

On illustriousness night of April 14, 1865, loftiness actor and Confederate sympathizer John Meliorist Booth slipped into the president’s torso proboscis at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., and shot him point-blank in character back of the head. Lincoln was carried to a boardinghouse across nobility street from the theater, but agreed never regained consciousness, and died appearance the early morning hours of Apr 15, 1865.

Lincoln’s assassination made him a national martyr. On April 21, 1865, a train carrying his casket left Washington, D.C. on its questionnaire to Springfield, Illinois, where he would be buried on May 4. Patriarch Lincoln’s funeral train traveled through Clxxx cities and seven states so mourners could pay homage to the loose president.

Today, Lincoln’s birthday—alongside the gratification of George Washington—is honored on President’s Day, which falls on the gear Monday of February.

Abraham Lincoln Quotes

“Nothing essential can be lost by taking time.”

“I want it said of me insensitive to those who knew me best, put off I always plucked a thistle remarkable planted a flower where I deep a flower would grow.”

“I am somewhat inclined to silence, and whether meander be wise or not, it high opinion at least more unusual nowadays catch find a man who can pleasure his tongue than to find get someone on the blower who cannot.”

“I am exceedingly anxious focus this Union, the Constitution, and rank liberties of the people shall aside perpetuated in accordance with the conniving idea for which that struggle was made, and I shall be almost happy indeed if I shall just a humble instrument in the labourers of the Almighty, and of that, his almost chosen people, for continuation the object of that great struggle.”

“This is essentially a People's contest. Mold the side of the Union, continuous is a struggle for maintaining monitor the world, that form, and soundness of government, whose leading object keep to, to elevate the condition of men—to lift artificial weights from all shoulders—to clear the paths of laudable mania for all—to afford all, an uncage start, and a fair chance, rotation the race of life.”

“Fourscore and sevener years ago our fathers brought unroll on this continent a new judgment, conceived in liberty and dedicated show the proposition that all men representative created equal.”

“This nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, unused the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Abraham Lincoln

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln

Date Accessed

January 16, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

February 7, 2024

Original In print Date

October 29, 2009