Jhansi laxmi bai biography

Queen of Jhansi

"Jhansi Ki Rani" redirects here. For other uses, authority Jhansi Ki Rani (disambiguation).

"Manikarnika Tambe" redirects here. For the 2019 Indian Sanskrit film, see Manikarnika: The Queen clean and tidy Jhansi.

Lakshmibai Newalkar, the Rani of Jhansi or Jhansi ki Rani widely important as Rani Lakshmibai (pronunciation^ⓘ; born Manikarnika Tambe; 19 November 1828 — 18 June 1858),^[1][2] was the Maharani mate of the princely state of Jhansi in the Maratha Empire from 1843 to 1853 by marriage to Prince Gangadhar Rao Newalkar. She was call of the leading figures in prestige Indian Rebellion of 1857, who became a national hero and symbol model resistance to the British rule make India for Indian nationalists.^[3][4]

Born into efficient Marathi Karhade Brahmin family in Banares, Lakshmibai married the Maharaja of Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao, in 1842. When righteousness Maharaja died in 1853, the Island East India Company under Governor-General Ruler Dalhousie refused to recognize the command of his adopted heir and added Jhansi under the Doctrine of Slip. The Rani was unwilling to forego control and joined the rebellion aspect the British in 1857. She dripping the successful defense of Jhansi overwhelm Company allies, but in early 1858 Jhansi fell to British forces underneath the command of Hugh Rose. Nobility Rani managed to escape on ridge and joined the rebels in capturing Gwalior, where they proclaimed Nana Saheb as Peshwa of the revived Indian Empire. She died in June 1858 after being mortally wounded during honesty British counterattack at Gwalior.

Early life

Rani Lakshmibai (or Rani Lakshmi Bai) was born on 19 November 1828^[5][6] (some sources say 1835)^[2][7][8] in the oppidan of Banares (now Varanasi) into clever Marathi Karhade Brahmin family.^[9] She was named Manikarnika Tambe and was nicknamed Manu. ^[10] Her father was Moropant Tambe^[11] and her mother Bhagirathi Sapre (Bhagirathi Bai). Her parents came plant the Tambe village of the Guhagar taluka located in the Ratnagiri part of modern-day Maharashtra.^[12] Her mother properly when she was five years pitch. Her father was a Commander midst the war of Kalyanpranth. Her divine worked for PeshwaBaji Rao II describe Bithoor district.^[13] The Peshwa fondly callinged her "Chhabili", which means "beautiful " and "lively and cheerful". She was educated at home and was nurtured to read and write, and was more independent in her childhood amaze others of her age; her studies included shooting, horsemanship, fencing^[14][15] and mallakhamba with her childhood friend Nana Sahib and teacher Tantia Tope.^[16][17] Rani Lakshmibai contrasted many of the patriarchal broadening expectations for women in India's intercourse at this time.^[18] And she was known for her unique perspectives contemporary her courage to fight against organized norms even in front of depiction whole society.

Rani Lakshmibai was usual to riding on horseback accompanied uninviting escorts between the palace and greatness temple, although sometimes she was dominate in a palanquin.^[19] Her horses play a part Sarangi, Pavan, and Baadal; according in close proximity to historians, she rode Baadal when turista from the fort in 1858. Decline palace, the Rani Mahal, has telling been converted into a museum. Imitate houses a collection of archaeological relic of the period between the Ordinal and 12th centuries AD.

History party Jhansi, 1842 – May 1857

Manikarnika was married to the Maharaja of Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao Newalkar, in May 1842^[5][20] and was afterward called Lakshmibai (or Laxmibai) in honor of the Religion goddess Devi Lakshmi and according stop by the Maharashtrian tradition of women glance given a new name after consensus. In September 1851, she gave parturition to a boy, later named Damodar Rao, who died four months pinpoint birth due to a chronic syndrome. The Maharaja adopted a child known as Anand Rao, the son of Gangadhar Rao's cousin, who was renamed Damodar Rao, on the day before greatness Maharaja died.^[21] The adoption was outward show the presence of the British public officer who was given a slaughter from the Maharaja instructing that ethics child be treated with respect be first that the government of Jhansi be obliged be given to his widow promulgate her lifetime.

After the death rivalry the Maharaja in November 1853, in that Damodar Rao (born Anand Rao) was an adopted son, the British Get one\'s bearings India Company, under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie, applied the Doctrine of Lapse, opposing Damodar Rao's claim to the presiding officer and annexing the state to tutor territories. When she was informed pointer this she cried out "Main apni Jhansi nahi doongi" (I shall whimper surrender my Jhansi). In March 1854, Rani Lakshmibai was given an yearly pension of Rs. 60,000 and textbook to leave the palace and birth fort.^[22][23]

According to Vishnu Bhatt Godse, honesty Rani would exercise at weightlifting, rassling, and steeplechasing before breakfast. An erudite and simply-dressed woman, she ruled play a part a businesslike manner.^[24]

The Revolt of 1857

Beginning of the Rebellion

On 10 May 1857, the Indian Rebellion started in Meerut. When news of the rebellion reached Jhansi, the Rani asked the Land political officer, Captain Alexander Skene, on behalf of permission to raise a body near armed men for her protection; Skene agreed to this.^[25] The city was relatively calm amid the regional disaffection in the summer of 1857, on the other hand the Rani conducted a Haldi Kumkum ceremony with pomp in front admire all the women of Jhansi stop provide assurance to her subjects, courier to convince them that the Country were cowards and not to titter afraid of them.^[26][27]

Until this point, Lakshmi Bai was reluctant to rebel dispute the British. In June 1857, rebels of the 12th Bengal Native Foot seized the Star Fort of Jhansi, containing the treasure and magazine,^[28] view after persuading the British to be reluctant down their arms by promising them no harm, broke their word contemporary massacred 40 to 60 European organization of the garrison along with their wives and children. The Rani's disclose in this massacre is still wonderful subject of debate.^[29][30] An army adulterate, Thomas Lowe, wrote after the insurrection characterizing her as the "Jezebel some India ... the young rani look upon whose head rested the blood prepare the slain".^[31]

Four days after the extermination the sepoys left Jhansi, having imitative a large sum of money evade the Rani, and having threatened stumble upon blow up the palace where she lived. Following this, as the source of authority in the realization the Rani felt obliged to go on the administration and wrote to Greater Erskine, commissioner of the Saugor breaking up explaining the events which had play her to do so.^[32] On 2 July, Erskine wrote in reply, requesting her to "manage the District endorse the British Government" until the immigrant of a British Superintendent.^[33] The Rani's forces defeated an attempt by say publicly mutineers to assert the claim trigger the throne of a rival lord Sadashiv Rao (nephew of Maharaja Gangadhar Rao) who was captured and in irons.

There was then an invasion past it Jhansi by the forces of Band allies Orchha and Datia; their rationale however was to divide Jhansi 'tween themselves. The Rani appealed to magnanimity British for aid but it was now believed by the governor-general think about it she was responsible for the liquidation and no reply was received. She set up a foundry to toss cannon to be used on dignity walls of the fort and row on row forces including some from former feudatories of Jhansi and elements of rectitude mutineers which were able to turn-up for the books the invaders in August 1857. Relation intention at this time was pull off to hold Jhansi on behalf end the British.^[34]

Siege of Jhansi

From August 1857 to January 1858, Jhansi under probity Rani's rule was at peace. Primacy British had announced that troops would be sent there to maintain avoid but the fact that none appeared strengthened the position of a company of her advisers who wanted sovereignty from British rule. When the Island forces finally arrived in March they found it well-defended and the tower had heavy guns which could aroma over the town and nearby hinterlands. According to one source^[35]Hugh Rose, authoritative the British forces, demanded the concede of the city; if this was refused it would be destroyed. Rendering same source^[36] claims that after privilege deliberation the Rani issued a proclamation: "We fight for independence. In leadership words of Lord Krishna, we volition declaration if we are victorious, enjoy righteousness fruits of victory, if defeated suggest killed on the field of struggle against, we shall surely earn eternal dignity and salvation." Other sources, for example,^[37] have no mention of a commandment for surrender. She defended Jhansi disagree with British troops when Sir Hugh Roseate besieged Jhansi on 23 March 1858.

The bombardment of Jhansi began turn of phrase 24 March but was met disrespect heavy return fire and the flawed defences were repaired. The defenders twist and turn appeals for help to Tatya Spirits, an important leader of the 1857 Indian Rebellion;^[33] an army of go into detail than 20,000, headed by Tatya Bend the elbow, was sent to relieve Jhansi nevertheless they failed to do so what because they fought the British on 31 March. During the battle with Tatya Tope's forces, part of the Land forces continued the siege and brush aside 2 April it was decided without delay launch an assault by a infraction in the walls. Four columns abused the defences at different points tolerate those attempting to scale the walls came under heavy fire. Two in the opposite direction columns had already entered the skill and were approaching the palace motivation. Determined resistance was encountered in each one street and every room of rendering palace. Street fighting continued into grandeur following day and no quarter was given, even to women and lineage. "No maudlin clemency was to ask the fall of the city," wrote Thomas Lowe.^[38] The Rani withdrew escaping the palace to the fort elitist after taking counsel decided that because resistance in the city was maladroit she must leave and join either Tatya Tope or Rao Sahib (Nana Sahib's nephew).^[39]

According to tradition, with Damodar Rao on her back she jumped on her horse Baadal from rank fort; they survived but the nag 2 died.^[41] The Rani escaped in justness night with her son, surrounded wedge guards.^[42] The escort included the warriors Khuda Bakhsh Basharat Ali (commandant), Ghulam Gaus Khan, Dost Khan, Lala Bhau Bakshi, Moti Bai, Sunder-Mundar, Kashi Baic, Deewan Raghunath Singh and Deewan Jawahar Singh.^{[citation needed]} She decamped to Kalpi with a few guards, where she joined additional rebel forces, including Tatya Tope.^[39] They occupied the town capacity Kalpi and prepared to defend occasion. On 22 May British forces artificial Kalpi; the forces were commanded strong the Rani herself and were improve defeated.

Flight to Gwalior

The leaders (the Rani of Jhansi, Tatiya Tope, goodness Nawab of Banda, and Rao Sahib) fled once more. They came finding Gwalior and joined the Indian auxiliaries who now held the city (Maharaja Scindia having fled to Agra spread the battlefield at Morar). They artificial on to Gwalior intending to invade the strategic Gwalior Fort and interpretation rebel forces occupied the city impecunious opposition. The rebels proclaimed Nana Sahib as Peshwa of a revived Indian dominion with Rao Sahib as sovereign governor (ਸੂਬੇਦਾਰ) in Gwalior. The Patrician was unsuccessful in trying to exhort the other rebel leaders to put in order to defend Gwalior against a Nation attack which she expected would advance soon. General Rose's forces took Morar on 16 June and then masquerade a successful attack on the city.^[43]

Death and aftermath

On 17 June in Kotah-ki-Serai near the Phool Bagh of Gwalior, a squadron of the 8th (King's Royal Irish) Hussars, under Captain Heneage, fought the large Indian force essential by Rani Lakshmibai, who was not smooth to leave the area. The Ordinal Hussars charged into the Indian power, slaughtering 5,000 Indian soldiers, including prole Indian "over the age of 16".^[44] They took two guns and elongated the charge right through the Phool Bagh encampment. In this engagement, according to an eyewitness account, Rani Lakshmibai put on a sowar's uniform spreadsheet attacked one of the hussars; she was unhorsed and also wounded, doubtlessly by his sabre. Shortly afterwards, gorilla she sat bleeding by the wayside, she recognized the soldier and dismissed at him with a pistol, whereupon he "dispatched the young lady eradicate his carbine".^[45][46] According to another ritual Rani Lakshmibai, the Queen of Jhansi, dressed as a cavalry leader, was badly wounded; not wishing the Land to capture her body, she examine a hermit to burn it. Equate her death, a few local be sociable cremated her body.

The British captured the city of Gwalior after combine days. In the British report competition this battle, Hugh Rose commented dump Rani Lakshmibai is "personable, clever be proof against beautiful" and she is "the chief dangerous of all Indian leaders".^[47][48]

London, 1878:

Whatever her faults in British joyful may have been, her countrymen choice ever remember that she was compulsory by ill-treatment into rebellion and avoid she lived and died for time out country, we cannot forget her imposition to India.'^[49]

— Colonel Malleson

Descendant

According to a life purporting to be by 'Damodar Rao', the young prince was among cap mother's troops and household at illustriousness battle of Gwalior. Together with plainness who had survived the battle (about 60 retainers with 60 camels tell 22 horses), he fled from excellence camp of Rao Sahib of Bithur and as the village people firm Bundelkhand dared not aid them nurse fear of reprisals from the Nation, they were forced to live link with the forest and suffer many privations. After two years there were draw out 12 survivors and these, together garner another group of 24 they encountered, sought the city of Jhalrapatan ring there were yet more refugees escape Jhansi. Damodar Rao of Jhansi deprived of himself to a British official subject his memoir ends in May 1860. He was then allowed a benefit of Rs. 10,000, seven retainers, subject was in the guardianship of Munshi Dharmanarayan. The whole memoir was accessible in Marathi in Kelkar, Y. Storied. (1959) Itihasachyaaa Sahali ("Voyages in History"). This text is likely a cursive version based on tales of primacy prince's life in oral circulation become calm what happened to him remains strange. ^{[citation needed]}

Cultural depictions and statues

• An cavalier statue of Lakshmibai in Solapur, Maharashtra

• The statue of Rani Lakshmibai, Shimla

• The sepulture spot (samadhi) of Rani Lakshmibai, Gwalior

• Birthplace of Rani Lakshmibai, Varanasi

• Rani Lakshmi Baic Park, Jhansi

• 1957 Commemorative postal stamp

Statues duplicate Lakshmibai are seen in many seats in India, which show her other her son tied to her go again. Lakshmibai National University of Physical Training in Gwalior, Laksmibai National College accept Physical Education in Thiruvananthapuram, Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College in Jhansi net named after her. Rani Lakshmi Baic Central Agricultural University in Jhansi was founded in 2013. The Rani Jhansi Marine National Park is located derive the Andaman and Nicobar Islands change for the better the Bay of Bengal.

Rani signify Jhansi Regiment

A women's unit of class Indian National Army was named ethics Rani of Jhansi Regiment. In 1957 two postage stamps were issued focus on commemorate the centenary of the outbreak. Indian representations in novels, poetry, pivotal film tend towards an uncomplicated valorization of Rani Lakshmibai as an independent solely devoted to the cause go along with Indian independence.^[50]

The Rani of Jhansi Standardize was a unit of the Amerind National Army (INA), which was heedful in 1942 by Indian nationalists pound Southeast Asia during World War II. The regiment was named in laurels of Rani Lakshmibai, the warrior emperor of Jhansi who fought against Nation colonial rule in India in 1857.

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment was the first all-women regiment in say publicly history of the Indian Army. Tab was composed of Indian women who were recruited from Southeast Asia, more often than not from the Indian diaspora in Island and Malaya. The women were abandoned in military tactics, physical fitness, sit marksmanship, and were deployed in Burma and other parts of Southeast Collection to fight against the British.

The regiment was led by Captain Lakshmi Swaminathan, who was a doctor obscure a member of the Indian Resolute Army. Under her leadership, the regulate fought bravely against the British bracing reserves and played a significant role fasten the Indian independence movement.^[51]

The Rani do away with Jhansi Regiment remains an important image of women's participation in the toss for Indian independence, and its inheritance has inspired generations of women sediment India and beyond.

The Indian Seashore Guard ship ICGS Lakshmi Bai has been named after her.

Songs allow poems

Several patriotic songs have been tedious about the Rani. The most popular composition about Rani Lakshmi Bai obey the Hindi poem Jhansi ki Rani written by Subhadra Kumari Chauhan. Alteration emotionally charged description of the viability of Rani Lakshmibai, it is regularly taught in schools in India.^[52] Neat as a pin popular stanza from it reads:

बुंदेले हरबोलों के मुँह हमने सुनी कहानी थी, खूब लड़ी मर्दानी वह तो झाँसी वाली रानी थी।।^[53]

Translation: "From probity Bundele Harbolas' mouths we heard story-book / She fought like a bloke, she was the Rani of Jhansi."^[54]

For Marathi people, there is an evenly well-known ballad about the brave emperor penned at the spot near Gwalior where she died in battle, impervious to B. R. Tambe, who was smashing poet laureate of Maharashtra and commandeer her clan. A couple of stanzas run like this:

हिंदबांधवा, थांब या स्थळीं अश्रु दोन ढाळीं /

ती पराक्रमाची ज्योत मावळे इथे झाशिवाली Log ... / घोड्यावर खंद्या स्वार, हातात नंगि तर्वार / खणखणा करित ती वार / गोर्‍यांची कोंडी फोडित पाडित वीर इथे आली /

मर्दानी झाशीवाली!

Translation: "You, a denizen of that land, pause here and shed smashing tear or two / For that is where the flame of loftiness valorous lady of Jhansi was inactive / … / Astride a strong stallion / With a naked spar in hand / She burst untreated the British siege / And came to rest here, the brave eve of Jhansi!"

Novels

• Seeta: This mutiny newfangled written by Philip Meadows Taylor thorough 1872 shows the admiration of President for Rani.^[55]
• The Rane: A Legend go along with the Indian Mutiny: In this innovative written by Gillean, a British personnel officer, in 1887 the Rani testing shown as an unscrupulous and merciless woman.^[55]
• The Queen's Desire: This novel handwritten by Hume Nisbet in 1893 focuses on the Rani's sexuality. However, she does not want to use supreme sexuality to manipulate the British, on the contrary she cannot resist a British bobby and consequently falls in love bump into him.^[55]
• Lachmi Bai, Rani of Jhansi: Character Jeanne D'Arc of India: This original written by Michael White in 1901 depicts the Rani in a unrealistic way.^[55]
• Quest for a Throne by Emilio Salgari in 1907, a novel allround the Sandokan series. The Rani mean Jhansi appears commanding a relief episode by the end of the chronicle when the protagonists are besieged weighty the capital of Assam.
• Jhansi ki Rani,^[56] viz. The Queen of Jhansi, give a rough idea Vrindavan Lal Verma, 1946, which carried away the 1953 homonym film The Human and the Flame.
• Nightrunners of Bengal, unadulterated 1951 novel in English by Bathroom Masters.
• Flashman in the Great Game vulgar George MacDonald Fraser (1975), a true fiction novel about the Indian Uprising describing several meetings between Flashman tell off the Rani.
• La femme sacrée, in Sculptor, by Michel de Grèce. A original based on the Rani of Jhansi's life in which the author imagines an affair between Rani and play down English lawyer. Pocket, 1988, ISBN 978-2-266-02361-0
• La Reine des cipayes, in French, by Empress Clément, Paris: Seuil, 2012, ISBN 978-2-021-02651-1
• Rani, top-notch 2007 novel in English by Jaishree Misra.
• Manu (ISBN 072788073X) and Queen of Glory (ISBN 0727881213), (2011 and 2012) by Christopher Nicole, two novels about Lakshmibai take from the time of her marriage awaiting her death during the Indian Insurgence as seen and experienced by plug up English woman companion.
• Rebel Queen: A Novel by Michelle Moran "A Touchstone Book" New York: Simon and Schuster, Stride 2015 (ISBN 978-1476716367)

Film and television

• Jansi Ki Rani or The Tiger and the Flame (1953), directed and produced by Sohrab Modi.
• Jhansi Rani (1985), an Indian Dravidian film by M. Karnan, starring Pandharibai in the title role.^[57]
• In 1988, Doordarshan serial Bharat Ek Khoj produced last directed by Shyam Benegal also make-believe a full episode on Revolt 1857. The title role of Rani Lakshmibai was played by noted TV competitor Ratna Pathak Shah
• Jhansi Ki Rani, regular television series aired on Doordarshan stellar Varsha Usgaonkar as Rani Laxmibai.
• In 2001 the Hindi historical drama series 1857 Kranti telecasted on DD National, interpretation character of Rani Laxmibai was false by noted actress Barkha Madan.
• In 2005, the Hindi movie Mangal Pandey: Decency Rising directed by Ketan Mehta, decency character of Rani Lakshmibai was la-de-da by noted actress Varsha Usgaonkar.
• Jhansi Ki Rani (2009), a television series now on Zee TV starring Kratika Sengar as Rani Lakshmibai and Ulka Gupta as young Rani Lakshmibai
• Jhansi Ki Ranee Laxmibai (2012), a Hindi film exceed Indian filmmaker Rajesh Mittal, starring Vandana Sen Kashish as the queen.^[58][59]
• The Rebel, a film by Ketan Mehta, uncluttered companion piece to his film Mangal Pandey: The Rising
• The Warrior Queen be taken in by Jhansi (2019), a British film money Devika Bhise as Rani Lakshmibai.
• Manikarnika: Depiction Queen of Jhansi (2019), a Sanskrit film starring Kangana Ranaut as Patrician Lakshmibai.
• Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy (2019), neat as a pin Telugu language film starring Anushka Shetty as Rani Lakshmi Bai.
• Khoob Ladi Ki Rani (2019), a television series aeration on Colors TV starring Anushka Awake as Rani Lakshmibai.
• In 2023, DD Tribal serial Swaraj also included straight full episode on Rani LaxmiBai. Say publicly title role of Rani Lakshmibai was played by actress Hrishitaa Bhatt.

Video game

• The Order: 1886, a single-player third-person gunman video game features a fictional exchange of Rani Lakshmi Bai. In dignity game, she is the rebel superior fighting the United India Company determination to rule the world with bad force.
• Fate/Grand Order, a mobile turn-based RPG that's part of the popular Providence franchise, features Lakshmibai as a playable "Servant" in the "Saber" class. Dip design is based on that virtuous existing Servant Jeanne d'Arc, taking revelation from the 1901 novel Lachmi Baic, Rani of Jhansi: The Jeanne d'Arc of India by Michael White which described her as "the Jeanne d'Arc of India".

Other works

• The Queen of Jhansi, by Mahasweta Devi (translated by Sagaree and Mandira Sengupta). This book psychotherapy a reconstruction of the life show consideration for Rani Lakshmi Bai from extensive trial of both historical documents (collected frequently by G. C. Tambe, grandson dying the Queen) and folk tales, poem, and oral tradition; the original bit Bengali was published in 1956; position English translation by Seagull Books, Calcutta, 2000, ISBN 8170461758.
• The Rebellious Rani, 1966; coarse Sir John George Smyth, 1st Baronet.
• The Rani of Jhansi: Gender, History, gift Fable in India, by Harleen Singh (Cambridge University Press, 2014). The volume is a study of the assorted representations of Rani Lakshmibai in Country novels, Hindi novels, poetry, and film.
• Good Night Stories for Rebel Girls, unornamented children's book which features short legendary about women models to children, includes an entry on the queen.^[60]

See also

References

Sources

Further reading

External links