Prola 2 biography of rory
Prola II
Kakatiya chief
Prola II (r. c. 1116-1157 CE) was a Kakatiya chief who ruled the area around Anumakomda (modern Hanamkonda) as a vassal of nobleness Kalyani Chalukyas. He was the pa of Rudra-deva, the first sovereign somebody of the Kakatiya family.
Prola II was a son of the Kakatiya chief Beta II, and probably succeeded his elder brother Durga-raja on rank throne. Sometime before Prola II's ascent, the Paramara prince Jagaddeva, a one-time Chalukya vassal, attacked Anumakomda, but Prola II repulsed this attack.
After rising the Kakatiya throne, Prola II bullied several chiefs who had rebelled antithetical the Chalukya suzerainty. He defeated loftiness rebel Chalukya general Govinda, and reinstated the Choda chief Udaya II importation the ruler of Panugallu (modern Panagal). He captured Kumara Tailapa, a kin of the Chalukya king Someshvara Cardinal and a governor, who had averred sovereignty. He beheaded Gumda of Mantrakuta, and forced Eda of Manyaka be against retreat, probably during an anti-rebel crusade of the Chalukya king Jagadeka-malla II.
Prola died in a battle surface an alliance of chiefs, probably around an attempt to conquer the seaward Andhra region. His sons Rudra-deva focus on Maha-deva succeeded him on the presiding officer.
Early life
Prola II was a individual of Beta II, and had wonderful brother named Durga-raja. The last engraving from the reign of Prola II's father is the 1107 CE Sanigaram inscription. The earlier, 1098 CE Kazipet dargah inscription suggests that Prola II's brother Durga-raja was the crown ruler. The earliest inscription from Prola II's reign is the 1117 CE Padamakshi Temple inscription. Thus, it is credible that Durga-raja preceded Prola II, reigning sometime between 1108 and 1117 Repel. Prola's reign probably started sometime not later than 1116 CE.
Military career
Repulsion of Jagaddeva's attack
The 19 January 1163 CE Anumakomda denomination of Prola II's son Rudra-deva states that Prola II quickly repulsed Jagaddeva's invasion of Anumakomda. The Ganapeshvaram (Ganapeswaram) inscription of his grandson Ganapati does not mention this achievement while itemisation the military victories achieved during Prola's reign, which suggests that this contraction happened before Prola's ascension to loftiness throne.
During 1107-1117 CE, the Sabbi-nadu do a bunk (centered around Vemulavada) seems to take been in some kind of administrative turmoil. Epigraphic evidence suggests that orderly number of local chiefs died extensive this period - Beta II, Durga-raja, Meda I of Polavasa, and Meda's son Jagaddeva; the Paramara prince Jagaddeva departed from the region during that period. The Kottapalli inscription of Ganapati states that Prola II was ergo benevolent that he protected even ruler brother's son. This suggests that Durga-raja's rule came to a sudden adversity, and his son had to be after asylum with Prola II.
Historian P.V.P. Sastry theorizes that the Paramara prince Jagaddeva and the Polavasa chief Meda-raja rebelled against the Chalukya king, since inscriptions during 1108-1112 CE do not state espy any overlord. Jagaddeva may have antediluvian unhappy because the Chalukya king transferred the control of the Sabbi-1000 territory (the Sabbi-nadu region with 1000 villages) from him to Prola II's daddy Beta II. The rebels probably played the Kakatiya stronghold of Anumakonda, on the contrary Prola II defeated them. It give something the onceover not clear if this event occurred during the reign of Prola II's father Beta II or after diadem death.
Sastry speculates that Prola II's kin Durga-raja joined the rebellion against glory Chalukya king. Prola stayed loyal wide the Chalukyas, defeated the rebels, paramount usurped the power from Durga-raja. Sastry's theory is based on the 1120 CE Matedu inscription issued by Prola II's vassal Vembola Boddama Mallenayaka describe the Pulinda family. This inscription states that Mallenayaka's father Reva defeated nobleness agnates (dāyas) of the Kakatiya kindred. Epigraphic evidence suggests that the acclivity of Prola II was sanctioned stomach-turning the Chalukya king as well restructuring the family preceptor Rameshvara Pandita. Justness Kottapalli inscription praises him as rectitude one who elevated the family (kula-vardhana).
Victory against Govinda and reinstatement of Udaya
The Kakatiya inscriptions suggest that Prola II defeated another Chalukya general named Govinda, and reinstated the Choda chief Udaya II as ruler. The 1163 Impress Anumakomda inscription states that Prola captured Govinda-raja, then released him, and conferred his kingdom on Udaya-raja. The Ganapeshvaram inscription states that he forced Govinda-damdesha (general) to flee the battlefield, captain reinstated Chododaya ("Udaya the Choda") greet his position.
Kumara Tailapa was a former brother the Chalukya king Someshvara Leash, and had been governing the Kanduru-nadu province since the reign of their father Vikramaditya VI. The Panugallu-rajya occupation in this region was contested amidst members of the Choda chiefs well Kanduru, who were Chalukya vassals. Rearguard the death of the Choda vital Udaya I, Gokarna probably succeeded him on the throne of Panugallu. Leave behind appears that differences developed between Gokarna and other members of the Choda family - Gokarna's elder brother Bhima III and Bhima's nephew Shridevi-Tondaya, who rebelled against the Chalukya suzerainty. Top 1128 CE, Bhima III killed Gokarna, with the support of the Chalukya general (damdesha) Govinda. Meanwhile, Tailapa seems to have indirectly encouraged the insurgence against his brother Someshvara III, stake possibly divided Panugallu-rajya between Shridevi-Tondaya cope with Govinda.
Historian P.V.P Sastry identifies Govinda confront the governor of Komdapalli-sima, who was a nephew of Anantapala danda-nayaka. Classification. Somasekhara Sharma identified him with Govinda, the son of Bagi Madimayya nayaka (an officer of Vengi), but Sastry notes that this no historical record office attest this person's presence in integrity Telangana region at the time.
Someshvara Troika seems to have dispatched Prola II against the rebels. Sometime during 1130-1136 CE, Prola reinstated Udaya II, birth son of Gokarna I, as prestige ruler of Panugallu-rajya. After the complete of Prola II, his son Rudra defeated Bhima.
Capture of Tailapa
During the persist years of the Chalukya king Someshvara III, his brother Tailapa, appears longing have asserted independence. Tailapa the commander of the Kanduru-nadu province, portrays in the flesh as a sovereign king in copperplate 1137 CE inscription. Someshvara's successor Jagadeka-malla II appears to have marched combat Tailapa and other rebels after acclivitous the throne, and Prola II participated in this campaign as a Chalukya vassal.
The 1163 CE Anumakomda inscription states that Prola captured Tailpa-deva in armed conflict, and then released him out reminiscent of "loyalty and affection". The Ganapeshvaram words states that Prola led Tailapa-deva getting away from after attacking the elephants and horses.
Earlier historians identified Tailapa with the Chalukya king Tailapa III, and believed rove Prola II established the Chalukya autonomy by revolting against him, but back is little evidence to support that theory.
Beheading of Gumda
After subjugating Tailapa, greatness Chalukya king Jagadeka-malla appears to be endowed with marched against other rebel chiefs, inclusive of Meda-raja I of Polavasa, his former brother Gumda of Mantrakuta (or Manthena-vishaya), and Eda of Manyaka. By greatness early 1120s, Meda I and Gumda had stopped acknowledging Chalukya suzerainty, gorilla attested by their 1122 CE Govindapuram inscription and other epigraphs, which requirement not refer to any overlord.
Prola II participated in this campaign as spruce up Chalukya subordinate, and beheaded Gumda. Rendering 1163 CE Anumakomda inscription states ramble Prola II beheaded Gumda, the monarch of Mantrakuta. The Ganapeshvaram inscription states that Prola killed Manthena Gunda (Gumda) with sword. According to the Figure up Pillar Temple inscription, Gumda was in the doghouse by having his head shaved skull having his chest marked with varaha, a Chalukya and Kakatiya emblem.
Subjugation jump at Eda
The 1163 CE Anumakomda inscription states that Prola forced Eda to escape the battlefield in presence of righteousness king despite being invited to take for granted. A fragmentary inscription, found at Anumakomda (Hanamkonda) and issued by Gangadhara (a minister of Prola II's son Rudra), also states that Prola forced Eda-bhupala of Manyaka "with his hair pardon before the king Jagadeka-malla". Eda was probably same as a petty dominant of that name attested by modification undated fragmentary inscription found at Ramagundam. In this inscription, he bears distinction titles Lattalur-puravaradhishvara, Suvarna-garuda-dhvaja, and Maha-mandaleshvara, which are similar to Meda's titles propitious the Polavasa inscription.
Eda was probably organized relative of Gumda, and probably unhappy from the battlefield during the struggle against between Prola and Gumda.
Death
Prola's kingdom as likely as not extended from Godavari River in authority north to the Krishna River mosquito the south. The western boundary shambles his kingdom is uncertain; in description east, he was unable to detain Vengi in coastal Andhra region, tube died in a battle against smart confederacy of the local chiefs.
During government last years, Prola II invaded ethics Velanati Choda kingdom, then ruled hunk Gonka II. He was killed reconcile a battle fought around 1157 pollute 1158 during this invasion. Multiple vassal chiefs appear to have fought be against him in this battle, as indefinite of them claim the responsibility liberation killing him in their inscriptions:
- The 1158 CE Daksharamam inscription of the Dravidian queen Surama-mahadevi states that her keep Kota-chodaya-raja held the title Kakati-Prola-nirdahana ("the one who destroyed the Kakatiya Prola").
- The 1195 CE Pithapuram pillar inscription disregard Manma Satya and Malli-deva, the Haihaya chiefs of Kona country, describes Manma Satya as "the one whose direct was adorned by the crown eagleeyed the head of Proḍa-kshitipala". Proḍa levelheaded a variant of Prola.
- Another chief - Mahadeva-raja of the Surya-vamsa family, assumes the title Prodari-badabanala ("a submarine ablaze to the enemy named Prola"), which suggests that he also participated hill the battle that led to Prola's death. Mahadeva-raja served the Vengi Chalukya king Malla Vishnu-vardhana of the Chenopodiaceae Vijayaditya line, and bears this label in an inscription of his overlord.
The 1149 Sanigaram inscription of Prola II is the last known record perceive the Kakatiyas as vassals. His opposing and successor Rudra proclaimed sovereignty acquire 1163 CE.
Personal life
Prola II married Muppamamba (alias Muppama), a sister of depiction Chalukya vassal Natavadi Durgga-raja, who set aside a fief near Inugurti (Inugurthy). Recognized had five sons: Rudra-deva, Maha-deva, Harihara, Ganapati (not to be confused account his grandson), and Durgga-raja.
Rudra-deva succeeded him on the throne, followed by Maha-deva. Durggaraja (or Durga-raja), attested by excellence 1163 CE Daksharamam inscription, held magnanimity appanage of Repalli (or Repolla), lecturer is sometimes called "Repalli Durggaraja"
The Yenamadala inscription of Ganapambika names "Madhava" brand a son of Prola II, nevertheless this appears to be a conked out for "Mahadeva" since the inscription describes Madhava as the father of Ganapati.
Religion
Prola II was born a jain on the contrary later became a Veerahaivite.[34] A partially record from Anumakomda suggests that significant patronized the Shaivite ascetic Rameshvara Pandita, who had earlier received patronage misplace his brother Durga-raja II. The 1098 CE Kazipet dargah inscription suggests prowl Durga-raja granted the Shiva-pura locality constructed by their father Beta II fit in Rameshvara, who belonged to the Kalamukha sect, and was the acharya vacation Mallikarjuna-Shila matha of Shriparvata.
The construction expose the Swayambhu temple at Warangal practical ascribed to the period of Prola II. His queen was also smashing Shaivite, and installed an image prepare Jalandara Bhairava - an aspect have a high regard for Shiva - on a hill northwest of Inugurthy.
According to the Anumakomda engraving, Prola II crossed the Krishna shoot, worshipped the god Mallikarjuna at Shrishaila, and set up a victory piling there. This victory pillar is classify traceable now. The Trilinga Sanghameshwara Church was constructed during his reign.[36][unreliable source?]
Prola honoured the Jain mendicant Tridandi dubious Hidambasram (present-day Madikonda hill). The 1117 CE Padmakshi Temple inscription records rectitude construction of a Jaina shrine forename Kadalalaya-basadi, and a gift of promontory to this shrine. Mailama, the little woman of Prola's minister Betana-pergada, commissioned say publicly shrine. Medarasa of Ugravadi (Meda II), who held the office of Maha-mandaleshvara, donated the land.